Acne is a common skin condition affecting the face, back, and chest, often caused by hormonal changes during puberty. It presents as various types of spots, including blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, and may lead to scarring if untreated. Effective management involves skincare, over-the-counter treatments, and medical intervention for severe cases, with improvement typically seen by the mid-20s.

Key Points on Acne

Symptoms of Acne

It commonly affects the face (almost everyone), back (over 50%), and chest (about 15%).

Types of spots:

Blackheads: Dark bumps caused by clogged follicles.
Whiteheads: Firm, clogged bumps that don’t release easily.
Papules: Tender, red bumps.
Pustules: Red bumps with pus-filled centers.
Nodules: Painful, hard lumps beneath the skin.
Cysts: Large, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring.

Self-Help Tips for Acne

Wash skin no more than twice daily with mild soap and lukewarm water.
Avoid squeezing spots or cleaning out blackheads to prevent scarring.
Use non-comedogenic, water-based products and remove makeup before bed.
Shower after exercise to reduce irritation from sweat.
Regularly wash hair and avoid letting it fall on the face.

Treatment Options

Mild acne: Over-the-counter creams or gels with low-concentration benzoyl peroxide.
Severe acne: Prescription treatments, including antibiotics or stronger creams.
Avoid expecting immediate results; treatments can take up to 3 months to show effect.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a pharmacist for mild acne.
See a GP for moderate/severe acne, nodules, or cysts to prevent scarring.
Seek help if acne causes emotional distress or persists despite treatment.

Causes of Acne

Linked to hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menstrual cycles.
Increased oil production and changes in skin bacteria (P. acnes) cause inflammation.
Genetics plays a significant role; family history increases likelihood.

Who’s Affected

Affects 95% of people aged 11-30 to varying degrees.
Most common in girls (14-17) and boys (16-19).
Symptoms often improve by mid-20s, though 3% of adults over 35 still experience acne.

Key Notes

Acne is not caused by poor hygiene, diet, or sexual activity.
It is a manageable condition with proper care and treatment.

Acne

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